A Leadership Profile of American Project Managers.

Title: A leadership profile of American project managers. By: Zimmerer, Thomas W., Yasin, Mahmoud M., Project Management Journal, 87569728, Mar1998, Vol. 29, Issue 1 Abstract This paper reports the results of a survey of senior project managers. The results clearly and unequivocally identify positive success and negative leadership as the cause of project failure. The characteristics of leadership are further identified, as well as the projectmanagement tools that are most useful and most often used. It can be concluded that organizational effectiveness requires projectmanagers to combine their technical competency with the ability to develop and display leadership. Keywords: leadership; organizational effectiveness; project†¦show more content†¦Companies can create an aggregate plan that allows them to assign practices to theirprojects with an estimate of needed resources ... managers can eliminate congestion and long hours by evening out workloads (Alder, Mandelbaum, Nguyen, Schwerer, 1996). (See also Jungen Wowalczyk, 1995.) Bob Lewis (Info World, 1996) sets forth the five keys that he believes differentiate successful projects from the others: scope control; regular, concrete, reasonable results; weekly status meetings; team buy-in to the plan; and walking around. Project management is considered a vital tool for the implementation of business process reengineering. Project management allows organizations to break things down into simple processes and assign these activities and modules to individuals. This approach helps organizations identify existing built-in dependencies among processes ... A multidimensional forum for enterprisewide visibility is essential and will lead to significant productivity and cost savings. ... Project management is the organizational glue that binds together dispersed, high accountable teams throughout the organization. Teams will seek and demand a framework to ensure their success under the new rules of rapidly changing intensely competitive markets. Project management provides the framework, encourages dispersed leadership and provides visibility of effort to stakeholders throughout the organization (King 1996). Clearly, projectShow MoreRelatedGlobal Leadership711 Words   |  3 Pagestaking risks American readers are probably scratching their heads: what kind of a leadership profile is this? How can a leader ignore his direct reports when making key decisions? What happens to credibility when you’re constantly massaging the message? The brief profile above came from a survey of Chinese managers as part of the research program called the GLOBE project. Of course, there are also parts of the Chinese ideal leadership profile that are similar to the American profile, but it’s usuallyRead MoreQCP 100 Quiz 2 Ch 4 Questions 21626 Words   |  7 Pagesstrategic directions. Answer: T 6. The concept of strategic leadership has moved leadership perspectives away from team- and system-based â€Å"great group† concept toward the solitary â€Å"great leader† paradigm. Answer: F 7. The Organizational Profile provides the â€Å"finer picture† of the various organizational parts and thus sets the context for good strategic decisions. Answer: F 8. The second group of questions in the Baldrige Organizational Profile is listed under the heading â€Å"Organizational EnvironmentRead MoreAnalysis Of Hofstede s Five Dimensions Of Culture906 Words   |  4 Pages Management styles differ with each country, region and industry. From varying leadership styles, religious beliefs, geography to social mores to gender differences, there are many challenges facing managers in today’s global economy. I work for a global medical device and software industry where we have offices and regional management structures across the globe. I’ve had the privilege of working with managers and team members in the UK and European markets and have noticed many differences betweenRead MoreA Detailed Leader Profile From My Placement1597 Words   |  7 Pages public service leadership will be defined and analyzed. A detailed leader profile from my placement will be developed and described using Competing Values Framework, as this is the mo st effective model that helps leaders think differently about value creation and shows them how to clarify purpose, integrate practices, and lead people in an organisation. Competing Values Framework can be used to assess core competencies, decision-making, human resources practices, and leadership capabilities of aRead MoreMy Career Goals For Business And Finance882 Words   |  4 Pagesorganization. Her determination and positive spirit served as a great example and sparked a passionate drive in my life to help others while striving for greatness. As a teenager I had a professor who taught economics with practical examples by sharing profiles of preeminent business leaders. He continually reinforced the point that most of them started early in their careers and shared a dogged focus for self-improvement. Realizing my acumen for business and finance, I decided to learn as much as I couldRead MoreOutline for Health Information Mgmt Essay1109 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation technology infrastructures and the exchange of information. (Thompson 2013) D. In health care institutions, leadership skills are recognized as important across all disciplines. The quality of a leader is important to support the managerial function in all organization and not be forgotten in health care environment. E. Leadership in today’s healthcare, style of leadership, about HIM, II. Health Information Technology A. To further my skills in Medical Billing and Coding. B. End ofRead MoreEssay on Managing Organizations Leading People3213 Words   |  13 Pagesamp; LEADING PEOPLE-BIP2 Task 2 2 Evaluation of my Personal Leadership Style 2 Reflection on the Results of my Seven Habits Profile 2 Self-Leadership Evaluation 4 Strengths and weaknesses identified 6 Recommendations. 7 Goals to improve my leadership practice. 8 References 9 MANAGING ORGANIZATIONS amp; LEADING PEOPLE-BIP2 Task 2 Evaluation of my Personal Leadership Style Reflection on the Results of my Seven Habits Profile The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People (1989) is a businessRead MoreMba Program At Mumbai University1250 Words   |  5 Pagesexplore my talents and realize my potential, among them was Mr. Shrikrishna Patil-my father, a role model and mentor. He once read out an American proverb which states ’The man who reads is the man who leads’. Due to my father s infulence, I started reading a lot of articles not only on technology but also on social political aspects which helped me shape my leadership qualities. During my 3rd year of undergradutation, I was appointed as General Secretary of the student council, wherein I directed everyRead More Glass Ceiling Essay912 Words   |  4 Pagesconstraint has been described as â€Å"gender based assumptions about careers and aspirations.† (McCracken 160) The second hurdle limits the advancement opportunities for high performing and ambitious women. Finally, the absence of formal and informal leadership development and ne tworking possibilities exacerbate the inequality. Gender Based Assumptions. One of the most damaging perceptions is the belief that women are primarily focused on family and their secondary focus is on their career. It is generallyRead MoreProject Management Certifications : An Analysis1323 Words   |  6 PagesPROJECT MANAGEMENT CERTIFICATIONS – An analysis INTRODUCTION Projects are vital for business. Successful completion of a project determines the survival of the organization. Increasing number of organizations have recognized that to be successful they need to utilize modern project management techniques. Individuals are also realizing that to be competitive in the work environment they must develop project management skills. Hence the profession of project management is growing rapidly. International

##arison Of Feminism In The Color Lod And Toni Morrisons...

According to A Brief Introduction to Critical Theory, â€Å"Feminism embodies a way of reading that investigates the test’s investment in or reaction to patriarchal power structures that have dominated Western culture† (226). Women were expected to conform to the traditional gender norms created by society. However, Toni Morrison’s Beloved takes place in 1837 and tells about a former slave, Sethe, the protagonist, who escapes slavery and goes to Cincinnati, Ohio. In the midst of her escape, Sethe makes the choice to kill her young daughter, Beloved, in order to save her from a life of slavery. Sethe is haunted by the memories of slavery through her deceased daughter. Sethe is depicted as a woman who is independent, strong, and able to make†¦show more content†¦By escaping, it keeps her family together and prevented from her children being separated from her. According to Nancy L. Chick’s article, â€Å"Toni Morrison: Overview† writes, â₠¬Å"She [Sethe was] determined to escape North to shield her family†¦ and prevent her separation and estrangement from her children, the typical fate of slave families† (Par 8). Mothers were usually separated from their children, so in order to avoid that she makes the decision to escape. Another example would be when Sethe kills her daughter, Beloved, so she would not have to endure a life of slavery. Sethe’s choice was her way of refusing to comply and to protect her children from the life she lived. Nancy L. Chick also writes, â€Å"After escaping, she [Sethe] sliced her baby girl’s throat to prevent her from suffering the same violence that Sethe experienced as a female slave† (Par 8). By killing her daughter, she was protecting her from having to face what she faced. Sethe is also the provider of the family. She works in order to bring home food for herself, Denver, and Paul D. â€Å"The rest I brought back from where I work. Least I can do, cooking from dawn to noon, is bring dinner home† (16). She assumes the masculine role by being the sole provider for the family. In order to bring home food she works as a cook which shows that she is self-sufficient. She does not need to rely on a man to provide for her and her daughter, Denver, when she is capable

Tammy Larson and Mike Brennan Free Essays

The case study involves a turn to turn talk between Tammy Larson and Mike Brennan on a female who had applied for a job as a housekeeper. The two were discussing the employee’s profile. Details on her criminal conviction and drug possession raised a point of contention as the two were debating on whether to employ her. We will write a custom essay sample on Tammy Larson and Mike Brennan or any similar topic only for you Order Now Currently, criminal conviction and drug possession is a subject that is put into considerations while selecting and promoting employees (Hayes ; Ninemeier, 2016, p.130). Ideally, employees ought to consider the nature or circumstances that led to these criminal offenses. Most of the people are pushed towards these offenses because of societal and psychological factors which they have little control over. Characters (functions or behaviors)As for this case, Tammy Larson and Mike Brennan should first identify the nature and circumstances which prompted these behaviors. From the analysis, they should be able to decide on the way forward. Besides, they should be able to identify the connection between a criminal conviction and the work they are supposed to do (Mattke, Van, ; Martsolf, 2014). For instance, substance use after work may have little effect on housekeeping roles. If the convictions involved issues like dishonesty and mistreatment, it would be hellish to employ the candidate. In order for the human resource to be fair and just, there exists the need to consult legal advice. This will help determine the best course of action (Hemming, 2015). Besides, Larson and Brennan ought to identify third parties and their statements on the employee’s conduct. If I was the director, I would employ Stephanie. Management and leadership stylesThe federal law does not prohibit employers from seeking to know the criminal history of an employee. However, the same law prohibits employers from discriminating candidates on the basis of their criminal records (Mattke, Van, Martsolf, 2014). Therefore, employers ought to consider laws and legal decision during the selection process. Some of the most important laws revolve around civil rights acts which determine employment decisions. For instance, we have Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which dictates how employees should be treated following criminal allegations (Hemming, 2015). Criminal history and record are important because they help employers accurately decide on a responsible, reliable and safe employee. Therefore, I recommend employers to request their employees to list recent criminal activity.Recommendation Employers should identify a fair response to criminal records and allegations of those they want to the employee. Ideally, we are all humans, and thus we are subjected errs. Criminal records and substance use are social issues which are propelled by other factors; some of the factors are beyond our control (Hemming, 2015). However, employers ought to consider the legal advice and third-party consultancy before employing or dismissing an employee. For those individuals who have transformed, their criminal record should not pose the challenge of selecting them.Conclusively, Tammy Larson and Mike Brennan should consider many factors while deciding on the response. Most importantly, the selection should consider matching the organizational goals with the skills and qualifications of the employee. In this case study, the applicant has the traits required for the job opportunity; hence, her record should not be an obstacle towards being selected. However, the female applicant should be advised on the best approaches that will keep her away from criminal activities and substance use. Naturally, it is unfair to judge a person based on their records or past engagements. References Hayes,  D.  K., Ninemeier,  J.  D. (2016).  Human resources management in the hospitality industry. Hemming,  A. (2015).  Criminal Law Guidebook: Queensland and Western Australia. Melbourne: OUPANZ. Mattke,  S., Van,  B.  K., Martsolf,  G. (2014).  Final report: Evaluation of tools and metrics to support employer selection of health plans. How to cite Tammy Larson and Mike Brennan, Papers

New Venture Capital Raising for Risk Assessment- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theNew Venture Capital Raising for Risk Assessment. Answer: Introduction Business could be everyones cup of tea but succeeding at it, is not. And hence starting a business has been never so easy. Commencing a new venture is a complex task and that comprise of execution of various operations and functionalities and adoption of various approaches and models is also required to be done. There are varied ranges of factors that will be stimulating the business environment and will surely affect the start-up of the business. The prime factors required for starting up a new venture are methods, manpower, material and machines (Arregle, et al. 2015). There are the major ingredients that will be aiding an entrepreneur in the process of commencement of a new venture. Furthermore, the process and operations that are executed for the commencement of the new business venture are also exposed to various risks and ethical issues and the same are required to be dealt in a professional manner for the success and growth of the start-up. The below presented summary has been focused on the various risks and ethical issues faced while launching and investing in start-up. Jet.com and Flatiron health are the two start-ups that will be used in the below presented report as case studies. These business organizations are new ventures and are commencing business operations from last five years stepping towards success. Risk assessment As mentioned above planning for a thinking and planning for a new start-up is an easy task but commencement of the same is not everyones cup of tea. Starting a business has been so easy. The economy has been offering varied range of opportunities but just like everything has its own pros and cons and also has fully high rated risks (Ben-Ari, and Vonortas, 2017). But once the entrepreneurs are able of analyzing the risks associated with the commencement of the new venture they are required to make essential provisions for the same for attaining success and growth in the business: The below presented are the 3 potential risks that can be faced by a new venture and the mentioned risks are demonstrated from the entrepreneurs and investors point of view: Product risk: What to be produced is one of the initial decisions while starting a new venture. This has been considered as one of the most crucial decision while commencing a business as business totally depends upon the delivery of the goods produced and sold. There are various risks that will be faced by an entrepreneur while before and while producing a product. For instance, the management of Jet.com is deciding for the product on the basis of market analysis and other surveys executed, screening of the products for checking the feasibility so as to get aware that the product is enough capable of surviving in market and also making the customers satisfy (Li, 2014). If the products are unable to satisfy the customers demands then it will be considered as a risk on the entrepreneurs perceptive. Moreover, the investors also make their decision of making investments in the venture after monitoring the feasibility aspect of the product. One of the greatest risks from the investors po int of view is that the inefficiency of the products in meeting and accomplishing the demands of the consumers. This risk will be affecting the investors while deciding for investments in new venture (Skripak, 2016). Market risk: This is one of the biggest and common risks that will be affecting both the entrepreneur and investors decisions on large scale. For instance, if Flatiron health is the entrepreneur and founds itself unable in collecting the proper knowledge and data of the market then it will be problematic for the venture. In-appropriate knowledge and data about the market will lead in development of a product that wont be able in satisfying the demands of the customers (Kvedaraite, 2013). And this situation can be considered as a risk for the new venture from the entrepreneurs perspective. Investors also have various market risks such as fluctuations in the market due to the political and governmental interference. Risk of Changing trends: This one of the most stimulating factor or can also be considered as the biggest risk that will be directly affecting the entrepreneur and indirectly to the investors (Van Aardt, and Bezuidenhout, 2014). Such as the changes in the market trends such as any up-gradation in the technological sector, changes in the perception of consumers, fluctuations in the taste and preferences of the consumers will have direct impacts on entrepreneur. For example, Flatiron health is a software company and any of the changes in the IT sector is required to be considered as an essential part for the business firm. And if the business firm fails to capture such data then it will be proven problematic for the entity and will overcome as an issue (Burns, 2016). Change in the norms and regulations relating to the new venture will affect the investors largely. The investors will have to execute detailed research on the related aspects before making investments. Failure in any such aspect will lead to generation of threats and risks for the venture. Ethical issues Business ethics has been considered as one of the integral components and essential requirements for starting a new venture. And this concept has also been considered as one of the biggest issue for an entrepreneur and also for an investor (EuroLogo Marketing, 2018). There are various ethical dilemmas that will be faced as issues by the investors and entrepreneurs in different forms while commencing a new venture and the same are presented as follows: Business licenses and Trademark: Business licenses are the permit that is taken from government of the country. Without getting a legal permit, the business does not have authenticity. So, ignoring the legal documentation can create an ethical issue to the organization and it can halt the business operations permanently. Moreover, it is very important for the companies to trademark the business. Trademark is the representation of the business among clients and customers. Generally, start-up businesses do not consider the trademark protection as a significant factor. It can lead the start-up to an ethical issue of trademark infringement. The major example of this issue is the case of PayPal and PayTM. Currently, PayPal has alleged PayTm of copying its business logo to enhance its customer base (Chell, et al, 2016). It has affected the business of both the companies. If the business does not get trademark copyrighted, then it can shake the base of business. In addition to this, it may influence the sales of business i n the market and it may have adverse impact on the investment decision on investors. It is one of the major issues to entrepreneur that needs to be considered while starting up a new venture (Klotz, et al, 2014). Desire to achieve: An entrepreneur decides for starting a business and or a new venture because he/she has an idea for a new product or services. A passion and commitment is required for that idea and never-give-up attitude for gaining knowledge and learning and also dealing though others might perceive as failure (Kirzner, 2015). High level of courage and strength is required and furnace a new path for the idea of a business. It will also require the entrepreneur to make serious efforts in terms of money, time and energy and will also take him away from his family and other relations for time being. And thus for coming over all these challenges the business entrepreneurs may opt. for shortcuts for heading towards success with a greater speed. And opting for shortcuts will lead in development of an ethical issue. Cultural and societal impact: On the basis of the research executed it has been analyzed that at societal level the entrepreneurship is held responsible in significantly influencing the lives of the individuals in upcoming times (Vonortas Kim, 2015). To the extent that the lives of individuals are molded by the marketing activities will bring a change in the way of living driven by the entrepreneurs. These are the prophets will be developing and commercializing the new products and services for which no presence of market was there. An entrepreneur possesses the power of shaping and shifting the paradigm in ethics and community services by making use of leadership skills. By utilizing these visions the entrepreneur will be able in developing new products, innovations, technologies, concepts or services creating demand for the brand in the new market regions (EuroLogo Marketing, 2018). Such business corporations not only exercise tremendous economic power but also symbolic power as t hey become the role models for the next generation of organizations. Entrepreneurs face arduous encounters and, certainly, leading the societies with values based management, being intensely conscious of some of these burdens and an emphasis on ethical issues in business might aid the creative thinkers in the attainment of their dreams. Top three risks and ethical issues On the basis of the current analysis it has been evaluated Jet.com and Flatiron health ate the two new ventures that are establishing the business in their concerned markets regions. The report has been basically designed and developed on the thought that the new business start-ups face various risks and ethical issues and these ethical issues and risks are classified as per the perceptions of the entrepreneur and investor (Brenkert, 2017). Further, the report has been presented for focusing the most prior risks and threats from the above presented one: The first factor that has been nominated at the top of the list is the ethical issue due to lack of infrastructure and this has been kept at the top most priority. As infrastructure is one of the basic requirements for commencing or starting the business. Building up framework, office premises for staff and execution of tasks at the underlying stage has been considered as a moral issue for the business visionary of any of the new pursuit. The business person should himself oversee and execute the dealing with and observing tasks and functionalities. The business visionary itself will assume a few parts, for example, checking the conduct of group, guaranteeing the bearing of endeavors towards expanding productivity in this manner making a corporate culture (Shaw and Barry, 2015). All of the above are the operations and functionalities that are required to be executed by an entrepreneur for conducting a business in an ethical manner. And hence this is the reason due to which this ethic al issue has been considered on priority. The second one is the risk due to the changing trends in the market that has been considered in the priority list and is held liable in stimulating the business environment for the new venture while launching the business. Market is the place where the outcomes that are the products and the services are expected to be sold and are the revenue generators for the business firms. And hence the trends and fluctuations in the market are required to consider as significant while deciding for launching the new venture and making investments in the same (Hyytinen, Pajarinen, and Rouvinen, 2015). The updated data regarding the changing trends of the markets will enable the business ventures to make changes accordingly and keep them a step ahead in the competitive environment. Maintainable a sustainable position will also be made possible as at the initial stages it will be very tough for the business entity to survive in the business environment. The last but least is the risk due to product point that can be considered in the list of priority. Product is the final outcome of all the efforts made by the team within a business venture and is one of the integral factors that will aid the entity in earning profitability. And hence developing and designing a product, that is enough capable of satisfying the consumers requirements has been considered as an essential process to be executed by the new venture. And if not done, then the business entity will be facing several issues and will be at risk. Conclusion In the limelight of the above executed analysis it has been inferred that commencing a new business venture is a crucial task and this process is associated with number of risks and ethical issues. These risks and ethical issues are required to be considered by the entrepreneur while launching the business and even by the investors while making investments in the same. The above report has been presented focusing towards the ethical issues and risks pertaining that will be faced by the entrepreneur and investors while commencing a new venture. References Arregle, J.L., Batjargal, B., Hitt, M.A., Webb, J.W., Miller, T. and Tsui, A.S., 2015. Family ties in entrepreneurs' social networks and new venture growth.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,39(2), pp.313-344. Ben-Ari, G. and Vonortas, N.S., 2007, Risk financing for knowledge-based enterprises: mechanisms and policy options, Science and Public Policy, 34(7), 475-488. Brenkert, G.G., 2017. Entrepreneurship, ethics, and the good society. InEntrepreneurship(pp. 85-128). Routledge. Burns, P., 2016.Entrepreneurship and small business. Palgrave Macmillan Limited. Chell, E., Spence, L.J., Perrini, F. and Harris, J.D., 2016. Social entrepreneurship and business ethics: Does social equal ethical?.Journal of business ethics,133(4), pp.619-625. EuroLogo Marketing, 2018, Legal/Ethical Issues to Consider When Starting a Business, available from https://www.eurologo.org/legalethical-issues-to-consider-when-starting-a-business/ (Accessed on 31 March 2018). Hyytinen, A., Pajarinen, M. and Rouvinen, P., 2015. Does innovativeness reduce startup survival rates?.Journal of Business Venturing,30(4), pp.564-581. Kirzner, I.M., 2015.Competition and entrepreneurship. University of Chicago press. Klotz, A.C., Hmieleski, K.M., Bradley, B.H. and Busenitz, L.W., 2014. New venture teams: A review of the literature and roadmap for future research.Journal of Management,40(1), pp.226-255. Kvedaraite, N., 2013, Reasons And Obstacles To Starting A Business: Experience Of Students Of Lithuanian Higher Education Institutions, Management, 19 (1), 1-16. Li, W., 2014.Risk assessment of power systems: models, methods, and applications. John Wiley Sons. Shaw, W.H. and Barry, V., 2015.Moral issues in business. Cengage Learning. Skripak, S.J., 2016, Entrepreneurship: Starting a Business, Pamplin College of Business and Virginia Tech Libraries. Van Aardt, I. and Bezuidenhout, S. eds., 2014.Entrepreneurship new venture management. Oxford University Press. Vonortas, N.S. Kim, Y., 2015, Managing Risk in New Entrepreneurial Ventures, Available from https://www.ige.unicamp.br/spec/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2015/07/Book-Chapter_Vonortas-Kim_2015.pdf (Accessed on 31 March 2018).

Interrelationship between Politics, Religion, and Material Things in Japan

Introduction Civilization of Man, which has been marked by notable complexity, can be traced back to Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and China hundred thousands of years ago.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Interrelationship between Politics, Religion, and Material Things in Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More All human societies past and present are multi faceted institutions and have set up and nurtured these institutions in attempts to discover themselves and add meaning to their life through establishment of justice and order. Through them, man has endeavored to find out and comprehend his place, role and destiny in an ever mysterious universe. Consequently, all spheres of human life in most societies have been and are still largely interrelated to an extent that it is difficult to divorce one societal element from the other despite modern man’s attempts to differentiate political, economic and religious roles and duties of these institutions. The purpose of this task is to discuss from a historical point of view interrelationship between politics, religion, and material things in Japan. Japanese cultural conservatism Japanese culture is very old. Today, Japanese together with Chinese and other Asian people have appreciably succeeded in retaining much of their old age cultural practices. This is despite the overwhelming European and to some extent Arabic cultural influences that have swept across different continents courtesy of Western colonialism and imperialism during nineteenth and twentieth century. Japanese culture is certainly one of the most conservative in the modern world.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Meyer observes that even if Japan was opened up to the outside world by the United States during mid-1850s, Japan continued to preserve much of its tradition and that its partia l isolation led to a relatively high degree of cultural conservatism (9). In other words, alien cultural and imperial pressures did not manage to influence the Japanese way of life. Instead old ways were preserved along side alien culture. Meyer asserts that right from the time Japanese started coming into extensive contact with influential foreigners like Chinese and Europeans, they were able to put up with various religious and secular ideologies such as Confucianism, Buddhism, animism, Shintoism and Christianity (9). Although it is not known precisely whether Japanese comprehended fully the substance of the borrowed foreign ideas, they were cognizant of the differences emanating from foreign ideas (Henning 74). Therefore, even though external influence left noticeable marks upon Japanese way of life they were able to retain cultural practices that were uniquely their. (Meyer 9). According to Meyer (9), this cultural uniqueness was explicitly manifested in the persistence of simpl e prehistoric religious beliefs and attitudes and more sophisticated ideologies. Due to Japanese socio-cultural conservatism, there is an aspect of Japanese historical continuity that has progressed without much interference from foreign cultural influence. However, as indicated above Japanese history has been characterized by the usual borrowing and giving that characterizes histories of other human cultures and civilizations world over Henning (74). As a result, in the modern Japanese society religion is constitutionally separated from the state, unlike before the influx of western ways when religion and state were not separate. In traditional societies, the interrelationship between politics, religion and material things is more conspicuous as opposed to modernized societies where there is a deliberate and systematic attempt to separate these units of the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Interrelationship between Politics, Religion, and Material Thi ngs in Japan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, in most Western societies and other societies in Africa and Latin America as well as modern Japan that has been assimilated by Europeans through their colonialism and imperialism the state is by de jure separated from religion. Consequently, although mainstream religious groups reserves the rights to take part in political debates on matters of national importance, there are no religious beliefs and values per se that dictates societal politics in modernized nations. However, it is noteworthy that there is an unofficial interrelationship between religion and politics in modern societies unlike in traditional societies where the interrelationship is explicitly or tacitly official. Interrelationship between politics, religion, and material things in Japan As mentioned earlier, human life is highly multifaceted as manifested by various societal institutions that have come into b eing slowly over a long duration of time. In Japan politics, religion and material things has for long been interconnected since the entrance of Buddhism in to Japan in approximately 550 CE and before (IIes 173). According to IIes (173), Buddhism came to Japan alongside the Chinese writing system and numerous statuary and sutras through the three kingdoms of Silla, Paekche and Koguryo. Buddhism is both a religion and a philosophy. As a philosophy that has swept across much of Asia, it has won followers from kings, courtiers and ordinary people in the same manner (IIes 173). As a religion and philosophy with elaborate and complicated traditions, it has fine distinctions and a broadly developed way of visualizing the reality, both material and spiritual. Also it has a subtle way of considering the relationship between the human (collectively and individually) and the nonhuman (IIes173).Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More IIes observes that Buddhist religion and philosophy suggests that there is an interconnectedness of all things, material and immaterial and the fundamental equation of all things with each other (173). Essentially, Buddhism is a philosophy which seeks to set free its followers from suffering that is brought by desire. According Buddhist teachings, this desire originates from insistence of individual desires (IIes173). Reader points out that Buddhism has been closely related for protracted periods of Japanese history with the state (6). Reader further states that Buddhism functioned nearly as a pillar of the political system from its initial coming into Japanese society, up to the time during when it functioned as a virtual system of local government and control during the Tokugawa period (Reader 6). However, it is important to note that other Japanese religions such as Shintoism has had a close relationship with the state during different periods in the history of the Japanese socie ty. For instance, from 1868 to1945, State Shinto was a chief ideological support of the militant and imperialist nationalism (Reader 6). According Yewangoe (112), the relationship between religion and the state during different regimes in the history of Japan became even more strengthened when Buddhism became the state religion during the Koryo dynasty between 918-1392 A.D. When Buddhism was instituted as the state religion, monasteries became affluent. Yewangoe (113) points out that numerous commercial factors such as usury-lending money at interest, financial and material gifts from nobles and the court, the advantage of tax exemptions among other favorable commercial factors contributed to their unmatched economic prosperity. Yewangoe further notes that the connection between the congregation (Sangha) and the ruling class continued to be close even after Mongol invasions during the reign of the Koryos (113). On one hand, the aristocrats supported the Sangha with material things, while the Sangha provided the aristocrats with a variety of ritual services like prayers for rain and good harvest. In addition, religion was an important unifying factor of the Japanese society. In fact, political leaders were the leaders of both the worldly and the sacred spheres of life (Yewangoe 112). Evidently there was a conspicuous interrelationship between politics, religion and material things that, as illustrated above, necessitated by interdependence between the religious and political spheres of the traditional Japanese society. Reader (6) points out that it is the 1946 Constitution, which was operationalised by the American-dominated Occupation government that officially ruined interrelationship between politics, religion, and state in Japanese history. This interrelationship was approved and cemented by Buddhist philosophy which proposed fundamental interconnectedness of everything and the basic equality of all things with each other. The kings, monks and the ruled rec ognized and appreciated interrelationship of all things- material and immaterial-as taught by their Buddhist religio-philosophy. The Sangha thus depended up on the aristocrats who were the owners of material wealth while the aristocrats looked up on the Sangha for the equally and needed important ritual services from the Sangha. All things were equally important and needed by all in order to experience an all round and meaningful life. According to Reader (6), in this close relationship between religion, politics and the state, the state stood by and supported particular religious practices, which in return gave support and approved moral acceptance of the state by the common citizens. The relationship between religion and state served as a unifying factor for national unity and development of a sense of national awareness (Reader 6). Buddhists practiced Takuhatsu which refers to a give-and-take exchange between individuals (monks, aristocrats and laymen) and citizens in which all g ives and receives. The redistribution involved not only alms-gathering of money and material things for the disadvantaged groups of people in the society but also a major element of the living custom of making the temple a â€Å"field of merit† to which individuals could give by planting and cultivating and from which they could gain by reaping. In simple terms, Takuhatsu had always been part and parcel of a ritual gift exchange. It was also a necessary social organization in Buddhist world for maintaining the social connections between the monastic and the ordinary community both of whom were givers and receivers of an important transaction of material goods, spiritual and magical power. The giving of material things such as clothes, food, medicine and other important items to monks in exchange for getting the gifts of dharma and obtaining merit was seen as an equal barter of gifts, with both parties having significant interests in the exchanged â€Å"objects†. The ri tual swapping over of gifts between the monks and the laymen, who were both givers and receivers was seen to be of equal intensity, value and importance. The monks and the ordinary men gave or received religious or material gifts which in their eyes and comprehension were of equal value. Today, even though Buddhism remains as one of the main religious movements in Japan, the practice of Takuhatsu has undergone major changes. For example, for the modern Japanese giving money is only justified if it is directed towards accomplishment of existing projects such as renovating temple buildings (Borup172). Some feel that by giving material things laypersons are taken advantage of in giving a lot than they receive and that their â€Å"return gifts† are of non-practical and uncontrollable in nature. Others argue that their gifts do not match up to the dharma and merit-gifts from the monks, thus the donation to the exchange is qualitatively underrepresented. However, in rural monasteri es, vegetables and rice are hitherto objects of contributions, often offering the monks with adequate amounts of food items to provide their own diet. Nevertheless, giving and receiving gifts is a major component of the modern Japanese Buddhist’s life. With time, checks and balances have evolved and these ensures that selfish monks do not take advantage of unsuspecting laypersons. In a typical traditional Japanese society, during the long periods of interrelationship between Buddhism and the state including the ruling class, monks and the laymen recognized, all people appreciated and upheld the Buddhist principle and teaching of the equality of all things-spiritual and material alike. Therefore, everyone came out fairly in the ritual exchange of religious or spiritual gifts from the monks and material gifts from the noble, courtiers and ordinary men. In that Buddhist world everything was equally significant whether material or immaterial for one to experience life fully. For traditional Japanese, there was no one single structure of the society alone whether political, social or economic that was more important and dominant up on others. Instead, the political, religious and economic structures of the society were equal and equally important to the full realization of life for all including the rulers, monks, ordinary men and the less privileged in the society. Since operationalisation of the 1946 constitution which is largely based on the American concepts of separation between the state, politics and religion, the traditional Japanese relationship between politics, the state and religion has largely been broken. For example, Reader (7) argues that although the mainstream religions of Buddhism and Shintoism actively take part in socially-oriented ceremonies and rituals, social change related to constitutional provision of religious freedom together with a progressively more consumer-oriented nature of the modern Japanese society, has motivated an enorm ous growth in the level of religious choice. Consequently, there is no opportunity for any religion acquiring a position and status of privilege either at the moment or in the near future. However, it is noteworthy that constitutional separation of religion and state does not signify non-existence of central religious values or meanings that are usually common to a large majority of people in a given society. It also does not mean that religion does not play a part in shaping the self-awareness or identity of a society and individuals (Reader 7). Therefore, there is an overall central part of commonly held beliefs, assumptions, customs, practices, expectations and attitudes that carry on the giving of a sense of unity and cultural belonging to majority in Japan up to date (Reader 7). It also shapes and affirms Japanese identity even though the traditional interrelationship between religion and the state has been broken. Works Cited Henning, Joseph M. Outposts of civilization: race, religion, and the formative years of American-Japanese relations. New York, NY: NYU Press, 2000. Print. Iles, Timothy. The crisis of identity in contemporary Japanese film: personal, cultural, national. New York, NY, BRILL, 2008. Print. Meyer, Milton Walter. Japan: a concise history. Lanham, MD: Rowman Littlefield, 2009. Print. Reader, Ian.†Civil Religion in Contemporary Japan.† The Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies. 9.94(2001): 6-32. Web. Yewangoe, Andreas Anangguru. Theologia crucis in Asia: Asian Christian views on suffering in the face of overwhelming poverty and multifaceted religiosity in Asia. New York, NY: Rodopi, 1987. Print. This essay on Interrelationship between Politics, Religion, and Material Things in Japan was written and submitted by user K1nsey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Brontotherium Megacerops Facts and Figures

Brontotherium Megacerops Facts and Figures Name: Brontotherium (Greek for thunder beast); pronounced bron-toe-THEE-ree-um; also known as Megacerops Habitat: Plains of North America Historical Epoch: Late Eocene-Early Oligocene (38-35 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 16 feet long and three tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; paired, blunt appendages on end of snout   About Brontotherium (Megacerops) Brontotherium is one of those prehistoric megafauna mammals that has been discovered over and over again by generations of paleontologists, as a result of which it has been known by no less than four different names (the others are the equally impressive Megacerops, Brontops and Titanops). Lately, paleontologists have largely settled on Megacerops (giant horned face), but Brontotherium (thunder beast) has proven more enduring with the general public - perhaps because it evokes a creature that has experienced its own share of naming issues, Brontosaurus. The North American Brontotherium (or whatever you choose to call it) was very similar to its close contemporary, Embolotherium, albeit slightly bigger and sporting a different head display, which was larger in males than in females. Befitting its similarity to the dinosaurs that preceded it by tens of millions of years (most notably the hadrosaurs, or duck-billed dinosaurs), Brontotherium had an unusually small brain for its size. Technically, it was a perissodactyl (odd-toed ungulate), which places it in the same general family as prehistoric horses and tapirs, and theres some speculation that it may have figured on the lunch menu of the huge carnivorous mammal Andrewsarchus. One other odd-toed ungulate to which Brontotherium bears a marked resemblance is the modern rhinoceros, to which the thunder beast was only distantly ancestral. Just like rhinos, though, Brontotherium males battled each other for the right to mate - one fossil specimen bears direct evidence of a healed rib injury, which could only have been inflicted by the twin nasal horns of another Brontotherium male. Sadly, along with its fellow brontotheres, Brontotherium went extinct around the middle of the Cenozoic Era, 35 million years ago - possibly because of climate change and the dwindling of its accustomed food sources.

Gender and History in Modern South Asia Essay # 1 - 2

Gender and History in Modern South Asia # 1 - Essay Example It is this form of scholarship; Chandra has identified this as an indirect form of colonization of the third world woman. This western feminist discourse and the historical perspective of the life of a woman has produced and constructed a third world woman with a distorted image (Mohanty, 1988). This essay discusses the three analytical principles identified by Chandra Mohanty that are used in the western feminist discourse about the third world. The western feminist discourses have used different methodological principles to create a third world woman with a distorted image over the years. The analytical principles applied by the Western feminist discourses include â€Å"The strategic location or the situational categorization of women/ women as the category of analysis (women and context of analysis), the methodological universalism and the subject of power and struggle they imply and suggest in their discourse† (Mohanty, 1988). The principle of the strategic location of the third world women as the category of analysis or, we are all sisters in the struggle, is identified by Chandra as being in use by the Western feminist discourse. The Western feminist scholars tend to classify and categorize the third world women in their group with their unique desires and interests. The scholars view these women as a group that shares oppression together as a result of socio-economic and cultural systems (Mohanty, 1988, p. 66). They depict women objects facing the consequences of their history. By the Western feminist scholars discursively classifying the third world women in a group, they imply the women are a vulnerable, powerless, exploited and sexually harassed category of persons. Chandra notes that the Western scholars have labeled the third world women victims of some cultural and socio-economic systems that have rendered them weak and powerless. Thus, their scientific, economic, legal and sociological discourse s show how the third world woman has been oppressed

Grant Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Grant - Research Paper Example In order to become effective learning institutions, organizations have to struggle hard for acquiring, implementing and maintaining a competitive learning strategy. The transfer of knowledge and expertise of existing communities of practice to the freshly recruited employees is critical for effective organizational learning. In learning organizations, the attitude and response of supervisors, peers and trainers to the employees can either hurt or help the whole learning process. The actions taken by these partners before, during and after the learning process directly affects the likelihood that learning will occur properly. Although organizations spend a lot of time and money on employees’ learning annually, there exists no significant relationship between learning and actual job performance. However, when the learned skills are successfully transferred into effective job performance, learning can surely produce far better outcomes. Due to volatile market preferences and needs, learning organizations have to focus more on strengthening their internal resources and capabilities. As Grant (2005) has stated, â€Å"When the external environment is in a state of flux, the firm itself, in terms of its bundle of resources and capabilities, may be a much more stable basis on which to define its identity†, the rate at which learning takes place within organizations thus contributes towards achieving sustainable competitive advantage. Organizations must have their own unique ways to encourage and value employed workforce in order to motivate their commitment towards innovative pursuits.

MARKETING PLANNING Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

MARKETING PLANNING - Assignment Example It implies that a number of tactics can be considered so that the objectives and missions of the business can be attained. Marketing planning is essential in the strategic planning process for an organization, since it provides direction in the firm and outlines the goals of organization that are measurable (Jobber, 2010). The day- to-day decisions of the business depend on the marketing planning and strategic planning process (Young, 2010). This is based on the fact that the firm is prone to changes and it has to progress with its daily routines. The approaches to move forward must be planned and to accommodate change in the firm strategic decisions or planning must be incorporated. Marketing planning helps the managers and directors of the business to efficiently allocate the resources available in an optimum manner so that the goals set can be attained. Risks may occur when the business is operational and other uncertainty and if the market plan was emphasized, then tactical marke ting planning may be employed to cater for the risks and other form of uncertainties. In conclusion, marketing planning is essential in the strategic planning process for an organization since it gives the organization the go ahead. For example, a firm can identify the tactics that can be applied to outdo the competitor. It also gives the management of the organization a chance to plan for the present and future strategies. The first stage of product development is to come up with the idea of the product that will be established in the market. It is important to consider whether the product is already in the market or a new entrant in the market. Market research must be conducted so that market sources like the consumer wants, dislike and competition among others can be known. Since the company may have a lot of ideas concerning the products that they need to develop, it is critical and recommendable to choose an idea that is best and reject the bad idea

The Web Browser Comparison Computer Science Essay

The Web Browser Comparison Computer Science Essay In this assignment, I am going to discuss about the comparison between web browsers. First, what is a web browser exactly. Actually it is a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. Not only that, it can be also defined as an application software or program designed to enable users to access, retrieve and view documents and other resources on the Internet. Internet has enormous of information. We can find out any information in internet. By going to the internet, we require web browser to show us the information such as text, image, video, sound and graphic. Web browser would arrange the information well and present to user in an orderly manner. Browsers are primarily planned to use the World Wide Web, however they can also be used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems. The major web browsers are Google Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera, and Safari History In 1991, the first web browser was released by Sir Tim Berners-Lee. It was named WorldWideWeb and was later renamed to Nexus to avoid confusion with www system. It was the first graphical web browser and WYSIWTG HTML editor. In 1993, browser software was further revolutionized by Marc Andreessen and with the release of Mosaic (later Netscape), It is the worlds first popular browser which made the World Wide Web system easy to use and more accessible to the typical person. The introduction of Mosaic became one of the first graphical web browsers which led to an explosion in web use. Andreessen who the leader of the Mosaic team at NCSA has soon started his own company, named Netscape, and released the Mosaic-influenced Netscape Navigator in 1994, which rapidly became the worlds most common browser, accounting for 90% of all web use at its peak. In 1995, Microsoft responded the release of Navigator with its own browser, called Internet Explorer. It is heavily influenced by Mosaic, initiating the industrys first browser war. Then, Internet Explorer gained dominance in the web browser market; Internet Explorer usage share peaked at over 95% by 2002. Opera debuted in 1996 Although it has never did widespread use, having less than 2% browser usage share as of February 2012 according to Net Applications. Its Opera-mini version focused on the fast-growing mobile phone web browser market, being preinstalled on over 40 million phones. It is also obtainable on several other embedded systems, as well as Nintendos Wii video game console. In 1998, Netscape start the open source Mozilla project to develop the next generation of Communicator. That browser would sooner or later evolve into Firefox, which developed a respectable following while still in the beta stage of development. As of August 2011, Firefox has a 28% usage share. Apples Safari had its first beta release in January 2003 Apple joins the scene with the release of Safari. It introduces a solid layout engine called Webkit which has been adopted into many mobile devices including Google and Nokia phones. In 2006, Internet Explorer 7 is released after five years of IE 6, adopting some features from its open source competition such as tabbed browsing and anti-phishing protection. The most recent major applicant to the browser market is Chrome. Google launches its own web browser in 2008. Chromes take-up has increased significantly year on year, by doubling its usage share from 8% to 16% by August 2011. In December 2011, Chrome overhauled Internet Explorer 8 as the most widely used web browser. Objective The objective of this research is to determine the advantage within web browsers. Nowadays, there are countless of web browser software application is available to every one of online users. The most major web browsers are Google Chrome, Firefox, and Internet Explorer. As it has too much of web browsers is available, I only choose to discuss about the 3 major web browsers which I mention above. There are many factors affect users to determine which of the browsers they choose use. Among those factors, I have chosen 5 of them to discuss. First is Feature. A web browser should offer useful, convenient features that make surfing the web easier and faster. For example, a browser should provide tabbed browsing, an integrated search engine and customizable toolbar. For a more humanize web experience, the browser should also provide the ability to save bookmarks, set parental controls and create RSS (Rich Site Summary) feeds. Generally speaking, the more features an internet browser provide s, the better. The second is Security. While online security measures have come a long way since the beginning of the internet, the web is still widespread with security risks to hack our electronic data. Security features like privacy settings, pop-up blocker and antispyware enable security on internet and help keep private information such as passwords secure. The third factor is Speed and Compatibility. Web browsers should load fast and be well-suited with all major operating systems. A top internet browser will load between pages within only a few seconds. Fourth factor is Ease of Use. The best internet browsers are those that have a smooth balance between features and ease of use. While features on a web browser are important, they become valueless if a browsers interface hinders your capability to use them. The last factor is Help and Support. Although some internet browsers are open source and therefore not enhanced with dedicated technical support, I still considered the qua lity of support options available. When it comes to internet browsers, available support can come in many forms, from FAQs to tutorials, email support to a product manual. Comparison of Web Browsers This chart shown that the first rating web browser is Google Chrome, followed by Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera, Safari. There must be factors why these web browsers could get this rating. Feature Set Google Chrome The latest version of Chrome is packed with highly convenient features, including tabbed browsing, synchronization, and privacy functions. By using personal Google account, Chrome can sync your bookmarks, browser preferences and extensions. Therefore, those things will available on any computer once you sign in. This is advantageous because it allows you to easily access your own add-ons and preferences without counting on what computer you are using. Chromes tabbed browsing, tabbed browsing is the capability to speedily switch between a number of open webpages within one Web browser window by clicking on tabs. Tabs appear in the browser window when more than one webpage is opened. By clicking on a tab the user switches that page up front for quick viewing. Tabbed browsing is extremely useful when you are reading a webpage and would like to click a link without losing your current page. After reading the link you can close the tab or just go back to the previous page, keeping both pages available. Tabbed browsing eradicates the need to frequently reload pages or use the back button. Chrome also provides a feature which is privacy browsing. The browser provide incognito mode, which doesnt track your browsing as you surf internet. Once you enter with incognito mode, it also deletes cookies and passwords from that session. You can open in normal mode and in incognito mode in a browser simultaneously. Another innovative feature that came out by Google is task manager. Google takes from traditional operating systems and put on to internet browsing. You can open the online task manager and observer how much computer memory are running by each websites and applications. Not only that, Google Chrome also got automatic updates, RSS feeds and a password manager. The browser does not offer any parental controls and probably wont in future versions as Google has said that there are other ways to monitor internet use, and there are already numerous third-party applications that exist for monitoring. Mozilla Firefox Just like many other major web browsers, Mozilla Firefox has synchronization feature, tabbed browsing which allowing you to quickly switch between webpages in a single window. The find-on-page is a function that allows you to find a word or phrase on a certain webpage without difficulty. Firefox sets the feature right on the bottom of the browser so you dont have to handle the pop-up window. The internet browser also has a voice interaction add-on. The feature allows you to browse the internet with voice commands. Firefox is an ideal browser for college students and other persons who do research online. Mozilla has designed a virtual sticky note which is a feature exclusive to Firefox. You can add your own notes to particular webpages and access them through the toolbar. You can also access your saved bookmarks, archived browsing history and pinned apps. The pin as app tab feature lets you to save commonly visited websites like Facebook or your web-based email and drag an icon on the toolbar. That way, you can easily visit them without opening a new tab. The browsers innovative Smart Location Bar will adapt to your use and preferences. This convenient tool makes it easy to return to websites you previously visited, even if you do not remember the exact URL. It also supports you find sites based on titles and content. Firefox also consist pop-up blocker, password manager as well as parental controls. Not only that, it also have the feature that is drag-and-drop functionality, which offer you to drag text or a link from anyplace on a web page and put it directly into your search bar. Internet Explorer Internet Explorer has offers several features to improve browsing. The browser uses tabs and when you open a new one, it suggests links based on your previous browsing history. The browser also has a box for both searching and website addresses as well as full combination with Windows 7. For instance, you can make what the browser calls a jump list which is the list of your most frequently visited websites pinned to your taskbar. In the same way, you can select an individual tab and drag it to your toolbar. There are four different categories of add-ons provided by Internet Explorer: security, time savers, browsers and entertainment. You will find a number of downloads in each category, each with a description. Major are free, but some you will have to purchase. However, internet browser does not have spell check and integrated download manager, therefore downloads will appear in a pop-up window. And different to some of the other internet browsers we studied, Internet Explorer is not open-source. Open source means the software is made and maintained by a network of users. The coding is made available to everyone, and volunteer software programmers are encouraged to improve it. Security Google Chrome Chrome is made to keep you harmless and more secure on the web with built-in malware and phishing protection. Chrome also has auto-updates feature to confirm you have all the latest security fixes, and more. When you navigate to a website suspected of phishing or containing malware, the internet browser displays a warning. The browser also has auto-updates to make sure your security features stay current without any action on your part, and it applies the sandboxing method. Sandboxing is software that helps block malware and isolates what happens in one tab from affecting the others, so once you close a tab, that process is absolutely ended. Sandboxing is an effective method for stopping malware from installing itself on your computer and monitoring your online activities. Mozilla Firefox Firefox has integrated private browsing. You can simply enable and disable the private mode. Furthermore, different from other browser privacy modes, there is no visible icon on the interface when in private mode. Mozilla Firefox protects against viruses, malware, spyware and phishing sites as well as pop-ups. Automatic updates are also available, so your browser is always up-to-date on the latest security fixes. You also can modify your security settings and control the level of security placed on sites and customize settings for cookies, downloads, passwords and add-ons. An additional impressive security feature the internet browser owns is the one-click site info. You can simply click on the site in the address bar to view important safety information. You can simply delete your personal information, including history, cookies, passwords and web-form entries with the click of a button. Remove all traces of visited website is also available. Internet Explorer One thing Internet Explorer has but many competing browsers lack of is parental controls. You can control the content that access by kids and use the integrated reporting tools to control their activity. For privacy, like normal, the Internet Explorer also provides private browsing. You can surf the web without the browser having a history, cookies or temporary internet files. The internet browser also does a good job of against in spyware, viruses and phishing schemes. A cross site scripting filter is applied to prevent attacks from duplicitous websites that trying to get personal and financial information. Internet Explorer also uses sandboxing which is a security technique in which all the browser tabs function as independent processes. This can avoids happen crashed tab that can taking down the entire browser. Speed Compatibility Google Chrome Google Chrome is abnormally fast. In fact, this internet browser is the fastest of all major browsers. During Chrome timed trials, Chrome initialized for the first time within seconds, as it did the same during the following times we launched the web browser. Navigation time is extraordinarily fast as well. Google has made the Chrome very well-suited with the internet. Chrome was especially designed for quickly and efficiently loads display and conduct with the enormous array of applications on the web. Mozilla Firefox Firefox has always been recognizing as fast internet browser. It beats most of the other web browsers. Firefox has no problem quickly navigating from page to page and yet provides a fluid web browsing experience from start to finish and boasts compatibility across the web. Furthermore, Firefox is fully well-appointed to multi-touch gestures. Internet Explorer Internet Explorers speed is highly competitive. It is not the fastest internet browser we look over, but initiate the application and navigating between pages took less than five seconds. Internet Explorer does not exist any compatibility problem, as the browser supports all current and developing web standards. Ease of Use Google Chrome Most internet browsers are built for function over form, but Google Chrome is a web browser that do well in both. The layout is clean, intuitive and tidy, and Chrome able to achieve a level of simplicity which other internet browsers lack of. Its features are undoubtedly designed for efficiency and ease of use. Moreover, the browser lets you to conveniently create shortcuts to web applications you frequently use, which you can placed on your desktop for quick and easy access. When the browser has multiple tabs open, it would become smaller as more are open. Mozilla Firefox Quite similar to the other top-rated internet browsers, Firefox is well organized and intuitive. The browser has an interface that easy to use and stocked with the essentials. Firefox features are great and useful, yet simple and available. Firefox has numerous extra features that advance improve usability. A fully integrated spell-checker lets users to work directly on the web and still have spell check. One more great utility is an automatic session restore. When Firefox reopens, you can proceed where you left off, even if the browsers have closed unexpectedly or by accident. Session restore can even return text that you were writing in an email and also download in progress. The browser interface integrates perfectly with Firefox download manager. Download manager offers an ability to pause the download and then continuous where you left off. This resume function is even accessible after a system restart. Internet Explorer Likely to our other top-notch internet browsers, this one is clean and easy to use. Basic web navigation is intuitive, and the browsers navigation controls are simplified. There is one thing special about Internet Explorer which is Notification Bar. Instead of dialog boxes opening in separate windows, all notification messages are merged in the Notification Bar, located at the very bottom of the window. You do not have to act on the notifications straightaway, they remain in the bar until you take action. Help Support Google Chrome Google Chrome has an in-depth help center that offers support in all sorts of categories. A lot of resources are provided by help center to help new users started, and advanced users fully customize their browsing experience. Help forum is there provided by Google where users can post issues and interacts with other users as well as giving useful feedback for other users who experiencing same issues. Mozilla Firefox As usual, a lot of useful online documentation, including FAQs, a knowledgebase and a tutorial is provided by Mozilla. The knowledgebase is searchable and consist of standard help. Not only that, there is also personalized help which in the form of live chat with the Firefox community. Direct support via email is also available. Internet Explorer Internet Explorer has the best help and support while reviewing internet browsers. On its website, you would find in-depth documentation, tutorials and FAQs. You can simply search the online resources by keyword. Internet Explorer is also one of the only internet browsers that is enhanced with direct technical support. Personal assistance via email and telephone are provided by Microsoft. Analysis and Critical Comments Browsers Factors Google Chrome Mozilla Firefox Internet Explorer Feature Set Tabbed Browsing Add-ons Integrated Search Engine Save Tabs Customization Options Customization Options Bookmarks RSS Feeds Zoom Find-On Page Function Password Manager Auto fill Automatic Updates Synchronize Spell Check Seamless Download Manager Open-Source Development Parental Controls Mouse Gestures Voice Interaction X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Security Pop-up Blocker Clear Data Anti-Spyware Anti-Virus Anti-Phishing Private Mode X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Help and Support Online Knowledgebase User Manual/User Guide User Forums FAQs Tutorials Email Support Telephone Support X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Compatibility Windows 8 Windows 7 Windows Vista Windows XP Mac OS X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Speed Initial Startup Time Average Startup Time Navigation Time 4 6.3 4.3 4.3 6.3 4 4.4 5.7 4.5 Conclusion In my conclusion, there is always some difference between these several browsers. However, each browser has strengths and weaknesses. There is hardly to find a perfect and seamless web browser. Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox and Internet Explorer all have its good and bad. Most of us here are preferred using Google Chrome, it is because, compare to Firefox 4 and IE9, it was unquestionably the fastest browser. Though Chrome is now leading the web browser, IE and Firefox also have strengthened its performance and offering new features that benefit and contribute to users. For the long term, we could not claim a strong victor here as all three major browsers provide a solid browsing experience with few downsides. Things are heating up in the browser world.

Theodore Geisel :: essays research papers fc

Theodore Geisel was born in Springfield, Massachusetts on March 2, 1904. He graduated from Dartmouth in 1925, with a BA in English literature. He went to Europe after to study at Oxford. He then went to Sorbonne and then to the University of Vienna. He planned on getting a doctorate in literature, but the experience was less than ideal so he returned to the United States. (LeBeau 20)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1927 Geisel married Helen Palmer who was a classmate of his from Oxford. She was also a children’s author, until her death in 1967. (Diehl 169)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Theodore started working for a magazine, Judge, in 1927. He worked there doing cartoons and humorous ads for them. He was also submitting his work to other magazines such as Life, Vanity Fair, and Liberty. In his ads he made a reference to an insecticide called Flit, which were noticed and led to a tight contract to draw ads for Flit. The contract said he couldn’t do anything else. In his ad he used the saying â€Å"Quick Henry, The Flit!†. He did that for 17 years, which gained him national exposure. He only did that in the summer though, since insecticide is a seasonal thing. He went to an attorney and found that the only thing his contract didn’t forbid him to do was children’s books. (Diehl171)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Geisel’s first children’s book came about in 1936 when he was on vacation in Europe. He was listening to the rhythm of the ship’s engines, he came up with â€Å"And to think I saw it on Mulberry Street.† It was rejected by 43 publishers that he showed it to. Eventually a friend published it for him and it went on to at least moderate success. (Morgan 43)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During World War II he joined the army and was sent to Hollywood. Captain Geisel would write for Frank Capra’s Signal Corps Unit, which he won the Legion of Merit for. He also did documentaries such as Hitler Lives and Design for Death, which won him an Oscar. He worked on the 5,000 Fingers of Mr. T., which was something that he didn’t enjoy. Geisel also created General Mc-Boing Boing while he was in Hollywood, he sold it to UPA. John Hulbey designed and won an Academy award for it. Theodore won an Oscar for it, though he had little to no part in General Mc-Boing Boing. (Diehl 172)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In May 1954, Life magazine published an article about illiteracy among school

English Language Varieties Essay

English has spread rapidly, even since independence, either as a first language or as a medium of education for non-native speakers (Platt and Weber, 2002). The actual range of varieties of English is much greater than is found in the British Isles. On the one hand we can speak of an acrolect or high status variety, and on the other a basilect or low status variety, with the mesolect occupying the intermediate position. These terms are usually descriptive of what is known as a post-creole continuum—that is the range of non-discrete varieties in a post-colonial situation ranging from the acrolect, which is generally very close to the standard language of the colonial power, through to the basilect, which structurally resembles a creole. It is sufficient here to characterise a creole as a mixed language, resulting historically from contact between speakers of different and mutually unintelligible languages. Creoles are usually associated with colonial situations and are generally assigned a very low social status. Basilectal speakers, who occupy the lowest position in a post-creole continuum, are often quite unintelligible to speakers of the acrolect. All speakers occupy a range on this acrolect—basilect continuum, which correlates closely with their social status, shifting along it according to social context in much the same way as British speakers manipulate linguistic variables. Of course, the extent of linguistic difference is much greater. Such continua have been described in Jamaica by De Camp (2001) and in Guyana by Bickerton (1995), and it is likely, we should note, that these studies will be of increasing relevance to an understanding of the sociolinguistic structure of ethnic minority communities in Britain. A detailed account of the structure and function of pidgins and creoles is not directly relevant here, but interested readers are referred to Todd (2000) for an introductory account of the social, political and linguistic issues involved. Although respectable Victorians were already reacting strongly against the prescriptive attitudes of the eighteenth century, the most extreme anti-prescriptive statements, as far as we know, are those made by some members of the ‘American structuralist’ school of linguistics. Bloomfield (1993:22) felt that discovering why ain’t is considered bad and am not good is not a fundamental question in linguistics, and he thought it strange that ‘people without linguistic training’ should devote ‘a great deal of effort to futile discussions of this topic’. Bloomfield was certainly implying that the study of prescriptivism was not of central interest to linguistics; he was thereby limiting the field of linguistics to a descriptive study of form and system in language which takes relatively little account of language as a social phenomenon. Some of Bloomfield’s followers have gone further than this and have attacked ‘unscientific’ approaches to language with missionary zeal. C. C. Fries (1997) seems to have equated traditional school grammar with prescription (which was by definition ‘bad’ and ‘unscientific’ in the view of structural linguists of the time), and in his book on English syntax he went so far as to even reject traditional linguistic terms such as ‘noun’, ‘verb’ and ‘adjective’. Fries’s work was directed towards the educational system at the ordinary consumer. Anxious to assure all his readers that their use of language was just as good as that of anyone else, he proclaimed that there is no such thing as good or bad, correct or incorrect, grammatical or ungrammatical, in language. English in Western Europe and America Although linguistic scholars would certainly dispute the details of this pronouncement, they have continued (for the most part) to assert or assume that their discipline is descriptive and theoretical and that they do not deal in prescription. In Western Europe and America most theoretical linguists would still affirm that all forms of language are in principle equal. As Hudson (2002:191) has put it: Linguists would claim that if they were simply shown the grammars of two different varieties, one with high and the other with low prestige, they could not tell which was which, any more than they could predict the skin colour of those who speak the two varieties. Although some evidence from work by social psychologists (Giles et al. , 2000) lends some support to Hudson’s point, we do not, in fact, know whether standard languages can be conclusively shown to have no purely linguistic characteristics that differentiate them from non-standard forms of language (the matter has not really been investigated). It appears to be an article of faith at the moment that judgments evaluating differences between standard and non-standard varieties are always socially conditioned and never purely linguistic. However, we shall later suggest that the process of language standardisation involves the suppression of optional variability in language and that, as a consequence, non-standard varieties can be observed to permit more variability than standard ones (e. g. in pronunciations of particular words). Thus, there may be one sense at least in which the linguistic characteristics of non-standard varieties differ from those of ‘standards’. Standard English: UK Variety In the UK, one vehement critic of the supposed malign influence of linguistics on English language teaching is John Honey (1997-2003). He has named an array of linguistic scholars (including—astonishingly—Noam Chomsky, who has never been concerned with educational or social issues), as encouraging a neglect of Standard English teaching in schools. This is an entirely false claim. It is true that there has been some opposition to the teaching of English grammar, but in our experience this has arisen mainly from the preference of lecturers for literature teaching. Far from discouraging ‘grammar’, university linguists have been closely involved in maintaining and encouraging its teaching. No one has ever opposed the teaching of standard English, and many of those named by Honey as ‘enemies’ of standard English have devoted much of their careers to teaching it—training students to write clear and correct standard English. Experienced teachers will not take kindly to an attack that simply appears to them as ignorant, presumptuous and pointlessly offensive. The linguist’s academic interest in the human capacity to learn and use language is not a threat to the teaching of Standard English, and it can be a great benefit. It does not follow from the educational necessity to focus on the standard that we should neglect to examine and explain the different norms and conventions of speech and writing, or that we should fail to acknowledge that standardised usage is most fully achieved in writing. Nor does it follow that we should neglect the fact that non-standard spoken vernaculars have grammars of their own. To investigate the structure of language varieties is an intellectual requirement that cannot be compromised, and which in no way contradicts the importance of the teaching of literacy in a standard language. Amongst other things, research on real language in use can help us to clarify and understand what standard English actually is and appreciate more exactly what its roles and functions are. We will not improve practical language teaching by ignoring such matters or by maligning those who study conversational speech and non-standard vernaculars as ‘enemies of standard English’. The authors of elementary books on linguistics, however, have usually been anxious to dissociate their account of the subject from that of traditional handbooks of correctness. As we have seen they usually dismiss prescription routinely, and assert that linguistics is descriptive. Their general point—that, if one is to study the nature of language objectively, one cannot make prior value-judgments—is frequently misunderstood, and it has sometimes called forth splenetic and misinformed denunciations of linguistics as a whole. One example amongst many is Simon (2002). In an essay entitled ‘The Corruption of English’ (2002), Simon blames structural linguistics and literary structuralists for an alleged decline in language use and for permissive attitudes to language: ‘What this is, masquerading under the euphemism â€Å"descriptive linguistics†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦is a benighted and despicable catering to mass ignorance under the supposed aegis of democracy. ’ His essay is outspoken and full of emotive language (‘pseudoscientific mumbo jumbo’, ‘rock-bottom illiteracy’, ‘barbarians’, ‘vandalism’, etc. ), and it betrays ignorance of what linguistics is about. To Simon, linguists are almost equated with some menace that is threatening Western (i. e. American) civilisation from outside. It is unfortunate that misunderstandings and misapplications of the American structural linguists’ teaching should have made it seem reasonable for anyone to write in this ignorant way. As many people still interpret descriptive linguistics as inimical to standards of usage, there has clearly been some failure of communication between linguistic scholars and the general public. One reason for this is that ‘mainstream’ linguistics has concentrated more on the abstract and formal properties of language than on language in its social context. Bloomfield (1993), as we saw above, considered that prescription was irrelevant to linguistics as a ‘science’. Yet some linguists have been directly interested in prescription. Haas (2002), for example, has pointed out that prescription ‘is an integral part of the life of language’. By refusing to be interested in prescription, he adds: ‘linguists only ensure that every enterprise of linguistic planning will be dominated by ignorant enthusiasts and incompetent pedants’ (Haas, 2002:3). Since Haas made these comments, some social and educational linguists have been very active in commenting on public attitudes and educational policies, and some have represented the subject on advisory committees. A general linguist, R. A. Hudson, is responsible for the Language Workbooks series, published by Routledge. Several relevant books on language variation have appeared, and linguistic correctness was the topic of the 1996 BBC Reith Lectures, delivered by Jean Aitchison (1998). In the USA much of the interest in language differences has been driven by public concern about the language of ethnic minorities. In 1997, the Linguistic Society of America published a document inspired by a controversy about ‘Ebonics’ (African American Vernacular English), which was recognised by the Oakland (California) School Board as a legitimate form of language. It ended with the following comments: There is evidence from Sweden, the US, and other countries that speakers of other varieties can be aided in their learning of the standard variety by pedagogical approaches which recognize the legitimacy of other varieties of a language. From this perspective, the Oakland School Board’s decision to recognize the vernacular of African American students in teaching them Standard English is linguistically and pedagogically sound.

Environmental factors affecting McDonalds Corporation

Environmental factors affecting McDonalds Corporation Introduction All global and domestic organizations or corporations have external factors that affect their operations. Some of the factors may be controlled by the organizations but in most cases, the organizations have no power to control most of the factors (Nicoulaud, 1989). However, they may be able to manage or influence them. These factors are what make up the business environment of every organization.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Environmental factors affecting McDonalds Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These factors always influence the domestic marketing decisions. A number of these factors that exist but all organizations have their unique set of factors that affect their operations. What affects one company may not affect the other. Examples of these include regulations, technological factors, economic factors, competition and social factors. The McDonalds Corporation, just like any ot her company, faces several external factors that affect its operations. The external factors that affect this company include political factors, economic factors, socio-cultural factors, technological factors, regulatory factors (laws), demographic factors, and other environmental factors such as those touching on waste disposal (impacts to the environment). Influence of global economic interdependence McDonalds Corporation is dependent on the global economy and is affected by the trade practices and agreements. The global economy usually faces. This may cause the shift of demand in the market. One of the economic issues facing McDonalds is the credit crunch issue. This meant that people had less disposable income and this means that they have less money to spend. The low Gross Domestic Product in most of the economies has also been a challenge to the corporation. The increasing interest rates and effects of inflation have had negative impacts on the McDonalds Corporation. This mean that McDonalds would sell less than they usually do. In order to combat this issue, McDonalds has adopted an affordable menu in order to favor also the low-income earners and those affected by the global economy. Demographics and physical infrastructure Several demographic factors have influenced the operations of McDonalds Corporation. They include the ever-increasing population and the existence of different age groups. Others include geographic shifts in population and the presence of educational groups.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Influence of cultural differences McDonalds Corporation has established its business in various countries in the world. This means that it comes across people from different socio-cultural backgrounds. The different cultures of people have different preferences and the organization needs to understand them all in order to fi t into the economy. Different people around the world have different types of foods and McDonalds has faced several challenges when it came to the type of food to serve its customers. One such group of people is the Muslim community. The company had to adopt the halal concept. This particularly applied to the issue of meat in the burgers. In the Indian community, McDonalds had to do away with beef from its menu (Goyal Singh, 2007). The Indians view the cow as being sacred and do not believe that it should be killed, let alone being eaten. This has forced the company to introduce fish and chicken for such a non-vegetarian society. Social responsibility and ethics versus legal obligations As much as McDonald is serving delicious meals to its customers, the health implication is wanting. It has been estimated that about 64 percent of adults are overweight and obese. This has serious economical implications. The approximate annual cost is a whopping $ 117 billion per year. This is caus ed by the high fat content and calories in the foods served by McDonalds (Nicoulaud, 1989). This has led the government to intervene and try to regulate some of the ingredients that are used in making the food (legal concern). Other legal issues include those concerning operating hours, tax laws and labor. The growing public awareness of the health risks that one subjects him or herself while consuming fast foods has negatively affected the operations of McDonalds. McDonalds has tried to combat this issue by building a good reputation. It has taken part in various different social events that allows it to give back to the society by offering good services. Effects of political systems Various policies and laws have affected the business operations of McDonalds. Since McDonalds has established its operations in several different countries, it has been faced with challenges dealing with the different policies and laws that govern the different countries.Advertising We will wri te a custom assessment sample on Environmental factors affecting McDonalds Corporation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The political decisions of countries are usually not static since they change over time. This means that McDonalds Corporation needs to adjust its operations with the changing political environment. Various international pressures influence political decisions. Usually, local fast foods restaurants are not influenced by the politics of the land. This is because they do not usually hold as much public interest. However, McDonald is a global company and it holds a lot of public interest. Therefore, it has to be accustomed to the politics of the land. It has to abide by the laws and policies set. Influence of Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1997 Since McDonalds Corporation has developed businesses in foreign countries, it is supposed to observe the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). This regulation was enacted in order to restrain companies from committing illegal and fraudulent activities in the countries where they are doing business. In the event that the company is involved in such activities, it is liable to huge fines and sentences. Therefore, McDonalds needs to comply with such laws and other related local, national and international legislations. Technological factors affecting McDonalds McDonalds is a fast food restaurant and, just like any fast food restaurant, it has been faced with issues to do with the integration of technological advancements into its business. Several technologies are available for such companies. They include the use of heat regulators, general equipment and other control devises. Point-of-sale systems also need to be installed in such corporations. Financial information and communication systems and inventory management systems are also necessary for such corporation to remain relevant in the ever-changing corporate market. All these are connected to technology and t hey are meant to improve the operations in the businesses. This would give an edge to the operations of the organization. McDonalds caught up with the latest technologies since it has installed Wi-Fi systems. This allows its customers to access the internet free of charge.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion Companies face several environmental factors that affect their marketing decisions. Some of these factors are easily controlled and managed by the companies but many of them are uncontrollable. McDonalds also faced several of these challenges and it has managed to control some. However, some of them are beyond its capability and the company has struggled to live with them successfully. This explains why the McDonalds Corporation is one of the world’s leading in business. References Goyal, A., Singh, N. (2007). Consumer perception about fast food in India: An exploratory study. British Food Journal, 109(2), 182-195. Nicoulaud, B. (1989). Problems and strategies in the international marketing of services. European Journal of Marketing, 23(6), 55-66.

Illinois District 17 House Race 2002 essays

Illinois District 17 House Race 2002 essays Extra! Extra! Donald Manzullo will retain his seat in the House in Illinois 16th District In the 2002 election for the United States House seat in the 16th district of Illinois Donald Manzullo will be re-elected on Nov. 5th. Manzullo has held the seat since 1992 and is being challenged by a relatively unknown democratic candidate named John Kutsch. Not only does Manzullo have the bigger name, but also the districts demographics mark it as mainly republican. Kutsch also had very little money to run with and little or no endorsements. I believe that Manzullo will win re-election for many reasons, one being the fact that he has the bigger name against a relatively unknown candidate. On Kutschs website he includes many factoids that suggest that he has little money, he says that he drives a car from 1985 and also notes that there have been times in his life when he could not provide his family with insurance. He intends to use them to show that he is a hardworking man that will not be and hasnt been influenced by those with money. While it may support his argument it also proves that he has very little money, which could be used to launch mail and TV campaign ads. This lack of money will result in his inability to get his name out to constituents who have re-elected Manzullo since 1992. This inability to get his name out will also result in his losing of the election. The demographics of the 16th district also heavily favor Manzullo and the republicans. First off, the district is 93% white, that is usually and indicator that they will vote republican. The district also ranks in the upper third of the nation with a $34,668 median household income, another indicator that it will vote republican. The state is also largely farmers and only has a population consisting of 5% blacks. All of the facts are reinforcing-cleavages that prove that the district is more inclined to vote republican in the upco...

Short Essay-Close Reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Short -Close Reading - Essay Example The next chapter indicates that Jim, apart from going out with Lena to theatre, also meets her at her shop, visits her apartment and spends a considerable amount of time, since the time he met her. Chapter three of book three seems to be an account of the play and their experience watching it, but it is significant to the entire book as it brings out the pain in Jim with his separation from Antonia and his sudden realization of the compelling similarity between the play and real life. This realization is the heart of the chapter. When we reached the door of the theatre, the streets were shining with rain. I had prudently brought along Mrs. Harlings useful Commencement present, and I took Lena home under its shelter. After leaving her, I walked slowly out into the country part of the town where I lived. The lilacs were all blooming in the yards, and the smell of them after the rain, of the new leaves and the blossoms together, blew into my face with a sort of bitter sweetness. I tramped through the puddles and under the showery trees, mourning for Marguerite Gauthier as if she had died only yesterday, sighing with the spirit of 1840, which had sighed so much, and which had reached me only that night, across long years and several languages, through the person of an infirm old actress. The idea is one that no circumstances can frustrate. Wherever and whenever that piece is put on, it is April (p. 201). After his account of how Jim and Lena were able to navigate through the rain, he slides into his version of his experience of his walk back home after leaving Lena at her house. Unlike Lena, he stays in the country side. Jim describes the things in nature as he finds his way back home through the country side in which he lives. It is spring and the rain has left the blossoming lilacs fresh and fragrant. However, the words â€Å"bitter sweetness†, juxtaposes two opposites forming an oxymoron